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Authors and Affiliations

1. Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

   Aisha M. H. Al-Rajhi

2. Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11623, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

   Sulaiman A. Alsalamah

3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, 65779, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia

   Abdullah M. Almotayri & Nourah M. Almimoni

4. Department of Biology, University College in Darb, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

   Rabab A. Hegazy

5. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, 55476, Hail, Saudi Arabia

   Husam Qanash

6. Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha’il, 55473, Hail, Saudi Arabia

   Husam Qanash

7. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11725, Cairo, Egypt

   Tarek M. Abdelghany

Contributions

Conceptualization, A.M.H.A. and T.M.A.; formal analysis—antimicrobial activity, A.M.H.A. and S.A.A.; formal analysis—wound healing, A.M.A. and N.M.A.; formal analysis—anticancer activity, H.Q. and T.M.A.; formal analysis—cell cycle and apoptosis, A.M.H.A. and R.A.H.; investigation, A.M.H.A., S.A.A., A.M.A., N.M.A., R.A.H., H.Q. and T.M.A.; visualization and validation, A.M.H.A., S.A.A., A.M.A., N.M.A., R.A.H., H.Q. and T.M.A.; supervision, T.M.A.; funding acquisition, A.M.H.A; writing—original draft preparation, A.M.H.A., H.Q. and T.M.A.; writing—review and editing; A.M.H.A., S.A.A., A.M.A., N.M.A., R.A.H., H.Q. and T.M.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Husam Qanash or Tarek M. Abdelghany.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval

All experimental protocols were reviewed and approved by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Institutional Review Board (PNU-IRB), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (IRB Log Number: 25-0453). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant institutional guidelines and national regulations governing research involving human participants. All procedures and reporting of the experimental methods followed the ARRIVE guidelines (https://arriveguidelines.org).

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