Apatite-coated implant surfaces exhibit superior biological, immunological, and mechanical properties compared to sandblasted acid-etched surfaces

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Author notes

1. Hee‑seung Han and Jaehyuk Hwang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

1. Department of Periodontology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

   Hee‑seung Han

2. Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University and Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

   Jaehyuk Hwang, Sungtae Kim & Young-Dan Cho

3. Bone Science Evaluation Team, Tissue Regeneration Institute, Osstem Implant Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea

   Seung Hye Lee & Yongjoon Kim

Contributions

Conceptualization: Sungtae Kim, Young-Dan Cho; Formal Analysis: Hee-seung Han, Jaehyuk Hwang, Seung Hye Lee, Yongjoon Kim; Investigation: Hee-seung Han, Jaehyuk Hwang, Seung Hye Lee, Yongjoon Kim, Sungtae Kim, Young-Dan Cho; Methodology: Young-Dan Cho; Project Administration: Sungtae Kim, Young-Dan Cho; Writing – Original Draft: Hee-seung Han, Jaehyuk Hwang, Young-Dan Cho; Writing- review & editing: Young-Dan Cho.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Young-Dan Cho.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethicals declarations

All animal procedures, including selection, housing, and surgical interventions, were reviewed and approved by the Osstem Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (OST-IACUC-2002). All procedures were performed in accordance with a modified version of the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines.

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