Engineered VPg saRNA achieves cap-independent, low-immunogenic and precise encoding of therapeutic proteins in vivo

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Authors and Affiliations

1. State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Preparation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

   Zunyong Feng, Liuxi Chu, Jing Zhou, Ping Wu & Xiaokun Li

2. The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China

   Liuxi Chu, Xiaokun Li & Zhouguang Wang

3. Human Anatomy Experimental Training Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China

   Qiang Li, Zhiliang Xu, Liang Yan & Yanjiao Huang

4. Respiratory Medicine and Acute Care Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China

   Qiang Li & Qun Chen

5. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science; Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; Theranostics Center of Excellence (TCE), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

   Xuanbo Zhang, Yuanbo Pan, Jianhua Zou & Xiaoyuan Chen

6. Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

   Yuanbo Pan

7. Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, China

   Zhouguang Wang

8. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China

   Xiaoyuan Chen

9. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore

   Xiaoyuan Chen

Contributions

Z.Y.F. conceived and designed the overall study, supervised key experiments, and led data analysis and interpretation. Z.Y.F. and L.X.C. performed most molecular and cellular experiments. J.Z. and P.W. assisted with cell culture and animal studies. Q.L., Z.L.X., L.Y., and Y.J.H. contributed to data processing, statistical analysis, and figure preparation. X.B.Z., J.H.Z., and Q.C. provided essential reagents, technical guidance, and methodological support. Y.B.P. performed imaging and histopathological examinations. X.K.L., Z.G.W., and X.Y.C. jointly supervised the project, contributed to conceptual refinement, and provided funding and resources. Z.Y.F. wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. All authors discussed the results, revised the manuscript, and approved the final version.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xiaokun Li, Zhouguang Wang or Xiaoyuan Chen.

Competing interests

Xiaoyuan Chen is a co-founder of and holds shares in Yantai Lannacheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

Peer review information

Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work. A peer review file is available.

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