Data availability
The datasets analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge financial support under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.1, Call for tender No. 1409 published on 14.9.2022 by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR), funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU– Project Title Graphene Quantum Dots-Mediated Photoimmunotherapy Against Glioblastoma in a Bioprinted Mini-Brain-on-Chip – CUP B53D23031470001.VP acknowledges financial support from Piano Nazionale per gli Investimenti Complementari al PNRR (PNC – Avviso D.D. n. 931 del 06/06/2022), Project D3 4 HEALTH – Digital Driven Diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics for sustainable Health care -PNC0000001, CUP B53C22006100001.MP acknowledges financial support from AIRC under IG 2024—ID. 30398 project.GP acknowledges financial support under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.1, Call for tender No. 1409 published on 14.9.2022 by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR), funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU– Project Title Graphene Quantum Dots-Mediated Photoimmunotherapy Against Glioblastoma in a Bioprinted Mini-Brain-on-Chip – CUP J53D23017940001.We acknowledge the contribution of 3D Bioprinting Research Core Facility G-STeP of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS for sample processing and the G-STeP Microscopy Facility of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS for microscopy experiments.
Funding
We acknowledge financial support under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.1, Call for tender No. 1409 published on 14.9.2022 by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR), funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU– Project Title Graphene Quantum Dots-Mediated Photoimmunotherapy Against Glioblastoma in a Bioprinted Mini-Brain-on-Chip – CUP B53D23031470001. VP acknowledges financial support from Piano Nazionale per gli Investimenti Complementari al PNRR (PNC – Avviso D.D. n. 931 del 06/06/2022), Project D3 4 HEALTH – Digital Driven Diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics for sustainable Health care -PNC0000001, CUP B53C22006100001. MP acknowledges financial support from AIRC under IG 2024—ID. 30398 project. GP acknowledges financial support under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.1, Call for tender No. 1409 published on 14.9.2022 by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR), funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU– Project Title Graphene Quantum Dots-Mediated Photoimmunotherapy Against Glioblastoma in a Bioprinted Mini-Brain-on-Chip – CUP J53D23017940001. We acknowledge the contribution of 3D Bioprinting Research Core Facility G-STeP of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS for sample processing and the G-STeP Microscopy Facility of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS for microscopy experiments.
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Minopoli, A., Evangelista, D., Marras, M. et al. Enhancing photothermal therapy effectiveness via tartrazine-induced optical clearing of biological tissues. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38616-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38616-2
