Knocking out OsPht1;9-1;10 genes decreases arsenic accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa) grains

knocking-out-ospht1;9-1;10-genes-decreases-arsenic-accumulation-in-rice-(oryza-sativa)-grains
Knocking out OsPht1;9-1;10 genes decreases arsenic accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa) grains

References

  1. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. 100C. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer (2012).

  2. Guo, Y. et al. Dynamics of cadmium and arsenic at the capillary fringe of paddy soils: A microcosm study based on high-resolution porewater analysis. Soil Environ. Health 2, 100057 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hou, D. Y. et al. Global soil pollution by toxic metals threatens agriculture and human health. Science 388, 316–321 (2025).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Williams, P. N. et al. Greatly enhanced arsenic shoot assimilation in rice leads to elevated grain levels compared to wheat and barley. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 6854–6859 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Zhao, F. J., Zhu, Y. G. & Meharg, A. A. Methylated Arsenic Species in Rice: Geographical Variation, Origin, and Uptake Mechanisms. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47, 3957–3966 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Qi, C. C. et al. Global and regional patterns of soil metal(loid) mobility and associated risks. Nat. Commun. 16, 2947 (2025).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang, S. et al. Escalating arsenic contamination throughout Chinese soils. Nat. Sustain. 7, 766–775 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chauhan, R. et al. Biotechnological strategies for remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils to improve soil health and sustainable agriculture. Soil Environ. Health 2, 100061 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Sarwar, T., Khan, S., Muhammad, S. & Amin, S. Arsenic speciation, mechanisms, and factors affecting rice uptake and potential human health risk: A systematic review. Environ. Technol. Innov. 22, 101392 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Wang, J. J. et al. Thiolated arsenic species observed in rice paddy pore waters. Nat. Geosci. 13, 282–287 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Khan, M. A., Stroud, J. L., Zhu, Y. G., McGrath, S. P. & Zhao, F. J. Arsenic Bioavailability to Rice Is Elevated in Bangladeshi Paddy Soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 8515–8521 (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ma, J. F. et al. Transporters of arsenite in rice and their role in arsenic accumulation in rice grain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 9931–9935 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Zhao, F. J. et al. The role of the rice aquaporin Lsi1 in arsenite efflux from roots. N. Phytol. 186, 392–399 (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Song, W. Y. et al. A rice ABC transporter, OsABCC1, reduces arsenic accumulation in the grain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 15699–15704 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Chen, Y. et al. The role of nodes in arsenic storage and distribution in rice. J. Exp. Bot. 66, 3717–3724 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Tiwari, M. et al. Expression in Arabidopsis and cellular localization reveal involvement of rice NRAMP, OsNRAMP1, in arsenic transport and tolerance. Plant Cell Environ. 37, 140–152 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Xu, X. Y., McGrath, S. P., Meharg, A. A. & Zhao, F. J. Growing rice aerobically markedly decreases arsenic accumulation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 5574–5579 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang, J. et al. Anaerobic Arsenite Oxidation by an Autotrophic Arsenite-Oxidizing Bacterium from an Arsenic-Contaminated Paddy Soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 5956–5964 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Huang, H., Jia, Y., Sun, G. X. & Zhu, Y. G. Arsenic Speciation and Volatilization from Flooded Paddy Soils Amended with Different Organic Matters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, 2163–2168 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lomax, C. et al. Methylated arsenic species in plants originate from soil microorganisms. N. Phytol. 193, 665–672 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Seyfferth, A. L., Webb, S. M., Andrews, J. C. & Fendorf, S. Arsenic Localization, Speciation, and Co-Occurrence with Iron on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Roots Having Variable Fe Coatings. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 8108–8113 (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Meharg, A. A. & Macnair, M. R. An Altered Phosphate-Uptake System in Arsenate-Tolerant Holcus-Lanatus L. N. Phytol. 116, 29–35 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Zhao, F. J., Ma, J. F., Meharg, A. A. & McGrath, S. P. Arsenic uptake and metabolism in plants. N. Phytol. 181, 777–794 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Wu, Z. C., Ren, H. Y., McGrath, S. P., Wu, P. & Zhao, F. J. Investigating the Contribution of the Phosphate Transport Pathway to Arsenic Accumulation in Rice. Plant Physiol. 157, 498–508 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kamiya, T., Islam, M. R., Duan, G. L., Uraguchi, S. & Fujiwara, T. Phosphate deficiency signaling pathway is a target of arsenate and phosphate transporter OsPT1 is involved in As accumulation in shoots of rice. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 59, 580–590 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Wang, P., Zhang, W., Mao, C., Xu, G. & Zhao, F. J. The role of OsPT8 in arsenate uptake and varietal difference in arsenate tolerance in rice. J. Exp. Bot. 67, 6051–6059 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ye, Y. et al. OsPT4 contributes to arsenate uptake and transport in rice. Front. Plant Sci. 8, 2197 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Cao, Y. et al. Knocking Out OsPT4 gene decreases arsenate uptake by rice plants and inorganic arsenic accumulation in rice grains. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51, 12131–12138 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Jia, H. F. et al. The Phosphate Transporter Gene OsPht1;8 Is Involved in Phosphate Homeostasis in Rice. Plant Physiol. 156, 1164–1175 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Zhang, F. et al. Involvement of OsPht1;4 in phosphate acquisition and mobilization facilitates embryo development in rice. Plant J. 82, 556–569 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Sun, S. K. et al. Decreasing arsenic accumulation in rice by overexpressing and through disrupting arsenite radial transport in roots. N. Phytol. 219, 641–653 (2018).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Chen, Y. S. et al. Expressing Arsenite Antiporter PvACR3;1 in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) decreases inorganic arsenic content in rice grains. Environ. Sci. Technol. 53, 10062–10069 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Deng, F. et al. Engineering rice with lower grain arsenic. Plant Biotechnol. J. 16, 1691–1699 (2018).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Xu, X. J., Sun, S. K., Zhang, W. W., Tang, Z. & Zhao, F. J. Editing silicon transporter genes to reduce arsenic accumulation in rice. Environ. Sci. Technol. 58, 1976–1985 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ma, J. F. et al. An efflux transporter of silicon in rice. Nature 448, 209–212 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Zou, T., Zhang, X. & Davidson, E. A. Global trends of cropland phosphorus use and sustainability challenges. Nature 611, 81–87 (2022).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Gong, H.Q. et al. A dynamic optimization of soil phosphorus status approach could reduce phosphorus fertilizer use by half in China. Nat. Commun. 16 (2025).

  38. Wang, X. F. et al. Phosphate transporters OsPHT1;9 and OsPHT1;10 are involved in phosphate uptake in rice. Plant Cell Environ. 37, 1159–1170 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Remy, E. et al. The Pht1;9 and Pht1;8 transporters mediate inorganic phosphate acquisition by the Arabidopsis thaliana root during phosphorus starvation. N. Phytol. 195, 356–371 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Castrillo, G. et al. WRKY6 Transcription Factor Restricts Arsenate Uptake and Transposon Activation in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 25, 2944–2957 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Navarro, C. et al. Arsenite provides a selective signal that coordinates arsenate uptake and detoxification through the regulation of PHR1 stability in. Mol. Plant 14, 1489–1507 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Sun, D. et al. Expression of New Pteris vittata Phosphate Transporter PvPht1;4 Reduces Arsenic Translocation from the Roots to Shoots in Tobacco Plants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 54, 1045–1053 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Miao, J. et al. Targeted mutagenesis in rice using CRISPR-Cas system. Cell Res. 23, 1233–1236 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Wang, P. F. et al. Wheat PHT1;9 acts as one candidate arsenate absorption transporter for phytoremediation. J. Hazard. Mater. 452, 131219 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Wang, Y., Wang, F., Lu, H., Liu, Y. & Mao, C. Phosphate Uptake and Transport in Plants: An Elaborate Regulatory System. Plant Cell Physiol. 62, 564–572 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Tang, Z. & Zhao, F. J. The roles of membrane transporters in arsenic uptake, translocation and detoxification in plants. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51, 2449–2484 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Sun, S. B. et al. A Constitutive Expressed Phosphate Transporter, OsPht1;1, Modulates Phosphate Uptake and Translocation in Phosphate-Replete Rice. Plant Physiol. 159, 1571–1581 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Bindraban, P. S., Dimkpa, C. O. & Pandey, R. Exploring phosphorus fertilizers and fertilization strategies for improved human and environmental health. Biol. Fertil. Soils 56, 299–317 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Huang, S., Yamaji, N. & Ma, J. F. Metal Transport Systems in Plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 75, 1–25 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Wang, W. et al. Genomic variation in 3,010 diverse accessions of Asian cultivated rice. Nature 557, 43–49 (2018).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Cao, Y. et al. Identification and expression analysis of OsLPR family revealed the potential roles of OsLPR3 and 5 in maintaining phosphate homeostasis in rice. BMC Plant Biol. 16, 210 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Ai, H. et al. Mutation of Enhances Tolerance to Phosphate Starvation in Rice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 2437 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Chen, S. F., Zhou, Y. Q., Chen, Y. R. & Gu, J. fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor. Bioinformatics 34, 884–890 (2018).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Kim, D., Landmead, B. & Salzberg, S. L. HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements. Nat. Methods 12, 357–360 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Pertea, M. et al. StringTie enables improved reconstruction of a transcriptome from RNA-seq reads. Nat. Biotechnol. 33, 290–295 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Sun, D. et al. Novel phytase PvPHY1 from the As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata enhances P uptake and phytate hydrolysis, and inhibits As translocation in Plant. J. Hazard. Mater. 423, 127106 (2022).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Livak, K. J. & Schmittgen, T. D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCT method. Methods 25, 402–408 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Hellemans, J., Mortier, G., De Paepe, A., Speleman, F. & Vandesompele, J. qBase relative quantification framework and software for management and automated analysis of real-time quantitative PCR data. Genome Biol. 8, R13 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Wykoff, D. D. & O’Shea, E. K. Phosphate transport and sensing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 159, 1491–1499 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Sun, D. et al. Novel Mycorrhiza-Specific P Transporter PvPht1;6 Contributes to As Accumulation at the Symbiotic Interface of As-Hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. Environ. Sci. Technol. 56, 14178–14187 (2022).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Cao, Y. et al. Heterologous Expression of Pteris vittata Phosphate Transporter PvPht1;3 Enhances Arsenic Translocation to and Accumulation in Tobacco Shoots. Environ. Sci. Technol. 53, 10636–10644 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Sun, D. et al. Novel Phosphate Transporter-B PvPTB1;1/1;2 Contribute to Efficient Phosphate Uptake and Arsenic Accumulation in As-Hyperaccumulator. Environ. Sci. Technol. 58, 7346–7356 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Upadhyaya, N. M. et al. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Australian rice cultivars Jarrah and Amaroo using modified promoters and selectable markers. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 27, 201–210 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Modrzejewski, D. et al. What is the available evidence for the range of applications of genome-editing as a new tool for plant trait modification and the potential occurrence of associated off-target effects: a systematic map. Environ. Evid. 8, R27 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Feng, H. et al. Expressing Phosphate Transporter PvPht2;1 Enhances P Transport to the Chloroplasts and Increases Arsenic Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Environ. Sci. Technol. 55, 2276–2284 (2021).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Zhang, S. et al. The GSA Family in 2025: A broadened sharing platform for multi-omics and multimodal data. Genomics Proteom. Bioinform. (2025).

Download references