Data availability
The plasmids used in this study are available for non-commercial use through Addgene [https://www.addgene.org/browse/article/28247826/]. Plant lines will be made available under an MTA upon request. Metabolomics data are available at MetaboLights repository50 under accession MTBLS13465. Raw imaging data is available at Figshare [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30911858]. Source data are provided with this paper.
Code availability
Python code for processing and plotting data is available at Github [https://github.com/Perfus/BL_plant_hormones].
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Acknowledgements
This study was partially funded by Planta LLC (https://planta.bio/) and Light Bio Inc. (https://light.bio/). We thank MiLaboratories (https://milaboratories.com/) for the access to computing and storage infrastructure. The Synthetic Biology Group (AF, KSS) is funded by the MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (UKRI MC-A658-5QEA0). AF and KSS were supported by UKRI Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council through the International Science Partnerships Fund (grant number APP33664/UKRI249). Plasmid assembly was funded by RSF project number 25-14-00349 (https://rscf.ru/en/project/25-14-00349/; ASM). Imaging analysis was funded by RSF project number 25-76-30006 (https://rscf.ru/en/project/25-76-30006/; DAG, IVY). Experiments in N. tabacum BY-2 cell culture were funded by RSF under project number 25-44-02157 (https://rscf.ru/en/project/25-44-02157/; IVY, ESS, and TAK). Plant transformations were funded by RSF under project number 24-74-10087 (https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-74-10087/; AVB and VVM). Works in Arabidopsis were supported by the CSF project no. 21-20936J (Z.V., M.K., J.P.), Czech BioImaging project n. LM 2023050, and the HORIZON-WIDERA-2022-TALENTS-02 project no. 101090293 (M.K.). Generation of synthetic promoters was funded by NSF PAPM-EAGER 1650139 to A.N.S. and J.M.A.
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Competing interests
A.V.B., T.A.K., T.Y.M., E.S.S., M.M.P., O.A.B., K.A.P., L.I.F., N.M.M.,. E.N.B., G.M.D., V.V.C., I.V.Y., and A.S.M. are employed by Planta LLC (https://planta.bio/). K.S.S. and I.V.Y. are employed by Light Bio Inc. (https://light.bio/). Other authors don’t claim competing interests.
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Balakireva, A.V., Karataeva, T.A., Karampelias, M. et al. Non-invasive imaging of defence responses in plants. Nat Commun (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70075-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70075-1
