Artifact-free preparation of biological samples for SEM by optimized water freeze-drying

artifact-free-preparation-of-biological-samples-for-sem-by-optimized-water-freeze-drying
Artifact-free preparation of biological samples for SEM by optimized water freeze-drying

Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available in the GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ repositories, accession numbers LC890396 and LC890397.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Japanese Red Cross Society for providing human erythrocytes. We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.jp) for English language editing.

Funding

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP21K19168, JP22K06377, JP24KJ1708.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan

    Hideki Ishida, Naoya Fukuda, Maho Shimada & Kousei Yamamoto

  2. Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan

    Liudmyla Gaponova, Andrii Kolosiuk, Asuka Takeishi, Hitoshi Aonuma, Takuto Kikuchi & Toshinobu Suzaki

  3. Laboratory of Preservation and Renewal of Biodiversity, Institute for Evolutionary Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine

    Liudmyla Gaponova

  4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Konan University, 8-9-1, Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan

    Rina Higuchi

  5. Laboratory of Radiation Technology, Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine

    Andrii Kolosiuk

  6. Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Tamura 1266, Nagahama, 526-0829, Shiga, Japan

    Ryo Hoshina

  7. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan

    Mikihiko Arikawa

  8. Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Narukoonsen, Osaki, 989-6711, Miyagi, Japan

    Yasuhiro Fukuda

  9. Ansar/VDP Training Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    MD Shafiq Islam

  10. Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya-Nishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan

    Terue Harumoto

  11. Xiangya School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China

    Yumeng Wan & Toshiki Itoh

  12. Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan

    Toshiki Itoh

  13. Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan

    Yoko Inai

  14. Department of Materials Analysis, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan

    Shijo Nishigori

  15. School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, 252–0373, Kanagawa, Japan

    Tadashi Maruyama

  16. Graduate School of Agrobiological Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai- cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan

    Kenichi Ikeda

  17. Division of Global Infectious Diseases, Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan

    Hideyuki Iriko

Authors

  1. Hideki Ishida
  2. Naoya Fukuda
  3. Maho Shimada
  4. Kousei Yamamoto
  5. Liudmyla Gaponova
  6. Rina Higuchi
  7. Andrii Kolosiuk
  8. Ryo Hoshina
  9. Mikihiko Arikawa
  10. Yasuhiro Fukuda
  11. MD Shafiq Islam
  12. Terue Harumoto
  13. Yumeng Wan
  14. Toshiki Itoh
  15. Yoko Inai
  16. Asuka Takeishi
  17. Hitoshi Aonuma
  18. Takuto Kikuchi
  19. Shijo Nishigori
  20. Tadashi Maruyama
  21. Kenichi Ikeda
  22. Hideyuki Iriko
  23. Toshinobu Suzaki

Contributions

H. Ishida and T. Suzaki conceived the project; H. Ishida, T. Suzaki, N. Fukuda, M. Shimada, K. Yamamoto, S. Nishigori designed all research; H. Ishida, N. Fukuda, K. Yamamoto, T. Suzaki, R. Hoshina performed the experiments and descriptions; L. Gaponova, R. Higuchi, A. Kolosiuk, M. Arikawa, Y. Fukuda, M D S. Islam, T. Harumoto, Y. Wan, T. Itoh, Y. Inai, A. Takeishi, H. Aonuma, T. Kikuchi, T. Maruyama, K. Ikeda, H. Iriko prepared biological specimens; H. Ishida, T. Suzaki, S. Nishigori, A. Kolosiuk analyzed the data; H. Ishida, T. Suzaki wrote the article.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hideki Ishida.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Ishida, H., Fukuda, N., Shimada, M. et al. Artifact-free preparation of biological samples for SEM by optimized water freeze-drying. Sci Rep (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30335-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-30335-4

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