References
-
Reid, B. M., Permuth, J. B. & Sellers, T. A. Epidemiology of ovarian cancer: a review. Cancer Biol. Med. 14, 9-32. https://doi.org/10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0084 (2017).
-
Mikulak, J. et al. Immune evasion mechanisms in early-stage I high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: insights into regulatory T cell dynamics. Cell Death Dis. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-025-07557-5 (2025).
-
Yang, B. & Dai, M. High-dimensional deconstruction of ovarian cancer at single-cell precision reveals HEBP2 that reshape the TIME and drive carboplatin resistance. Transl. Oncol. 44, 101917 (2024).
-
Zhao, Q. Single-cell RNA sequencing in ovarian cancer: revealing new perspectives in the tumor microenvironment. Am. J. Transl. Res. 16, 3338–3354 (2024).
-
Chen, Q., Zhang, Y., Wang, C., Ding, H. & Chi, L. Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptome reveals hypoxia-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment to predict immunotherapy response in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Front. Pharmacol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1450751 (2024).
-
Kader, T. et al. Multimodal spatial profiling reveals immune suppression and microenvironment remodeling in fallopian tube precursors to high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Discov. 15, 1180–1202 (2024).
-
Li, S., Wang, Z. & Huang, H.-D. Deciphering ovarian cancer heterogeneity through spatial transcriptomics, single-cell profiling, and copy number variations. PLoS One 20, e0317115 (2025).
-
Wang, Y., Zhou, H., Ju, S., Dong, X. & Zheng C. The solid tumor microenvironment and related targeting strategies: a concise review. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1563858 (2025).
-
Feng, Q.-S., Shan, X.-F., Yau, V., Cai, Z.-G. & Xie, S. Facilitation of tumor stroma-targeted therapy: model difficulty and co-culture organoid method. Pharmaceuticals 18, 62 (2025).
-
Ghisoni, E. et al. Immunotherapy for ovarian cancer: towards a tailored immunophenotype-based approach. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 21, 801–817 (2024).
-
Xia, W., Tan, Y., Liu, Y., Xie, N. & Zhu, H. Prospect of extracellular vesicles in tumor immunotherapy. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1525052 (2025).
-
Dai, Y., Yao, Y., He, Y. & Hu, X. Role of vascular endothelium and exosomes in cancer progression and therapy (review). Int. J. Oncol. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2024.5712 (2024).
-
Molefi, T., Mabonga, L., Hull, R., Sebitloane, M. & Dlamini, Z. From genes to clinical practice: exploring the genomic underpinnings of endometrial cancer. Cancers 17, 320 (2025).
-
Chadokiya, J. et al. Advancing precision cancer immunotherapy drug development, administration, and response prediction with AI-enabled Raman spectroscopy. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1520860 (2025).
-
Youssef, E., Palmer, D., Fletcher, B. & Vaughn, R. Exosomes in precision oncology and beyond: from bench to bedside in diagnostics and therapeutics. Cancers 17, 940 (2025).
-
Yuan, Q., Jia, L., Yang, J. & Li, W. The role of macrophages in liver metastasis: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1542197 (2025).
-
Xiong, Z., Huang, Y., Cao, S., Huang, X. & Zhang, H. A new strategy for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer: utilizing nanotechnology to regulate the tumor microenvironment. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1542326 (2025).
-
Liu, J., Li, X., Li, Y., Gong, Q. & Luo, K. Metformin-based nanomedicines for reprogramming tumor immune microenvironment. Theranostics 15, 993–1016 (2025).
-
Turlej, E. et al. Cross-talk between cancer and its cellular environment—a role in cancer progression. Cells 14, 403 (2025).
-
Huang, T., Li, F., Wang, Y., Gu, J. & Lu, L. Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cell: a promising therapeutic target in tumor microenvironment. Chin. Med. J. 137, 2996–3009 (2024).
-
Pawłowska, A. et al. Current understanding on why ovarian cancer is resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors. IJMS 24, 10859 (2023).
-
Sabit, H. et al. Leveraging single-cell multi-omics to decode tumor microenvironment diversity and therapeutic resistance. Pharmaceuticals 18, 75 (2025).
-
Liu, Q. et al. GNA15 predicts poor outcomes as a novel biomarker related to M2 macrophage infiltration in ovarian cancer. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1512086 (2025).
-
Wu, J. et al. Innate immune cells in vascular lesions: mechanism and significance of diversified immune regulation. Ann. Med. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2025.2453826 (2025).
-
Gao, Y. et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the intra-tumoral heterogeneity and immune microenvironment of small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type. J. Ovarian Res. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-025-01649-8 (2025).
-
Tan, H. et al. Harnessing macrophages in cancer therapy: from immune modulators to therapeutic targets. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 21, 2235–2257 (2025).
-
Wang, C. et al. Immunosuppressive JAG2 + tumor-associated neutrophils hamper PD-1 blockade response in ovarian cancer by mediating the differentiation of effector regulatory T cells. Cancer Commun. 45, 747–773 (2025).
-
Liu, K. et al. Epigenetic regulation of stromal and immune cells and therapeutic targets in the tumor microenvironment. Biomolecules 15, 71 (2025).
-
Zheng, F. et al. Breaking immunosuppression to enhance cancer stem cell-targeted immunotherapy. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 21, 1819–1836 (2025).
-
Liu, S., Liu, C., He, Y., Li, J. Benign non-immune cells in tumor microenvironment. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1561577 (2025).
-
Remley, V. A., Linden, J., Bauer, T. W. & Dimastromatteo, J. Unlocking antitumor immunity with adenosine receptor blockers. Cancer Drug Resist. 6, 748–767 (2023).
-
Xun, Z. et al. Identification of hypoxia-ALCAMhigh macrophage- exhausted T cell axis in tumor microenvironment remodeling for immunotherapy resistance. Adv. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202309885 (2024).
-
Rosario, S. R. et al. Integrative multi-omics analysis uncovers tumor-immune-gut axis influencing immunotherapy outcomes in ovarian cancer. Nat Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54565-8 (2024).
-
Bai, R. et al. The hypoxia-driven crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages: mechanisms and clinical treatment strategies. Mol. Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-022-01645-2 (2022).
-
Wang, X. et al. HIF-1α is a rational target for future ovarian cancer therapies. Front. Oncol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.785111 (2021).
-
Guo, N. et al. CD8 + T cell infiltration is associated with improved survival and negatively correlates with hypoxia in clear cell ovarian cancer. Sci. Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30655-3 (2023).
-
Fan, P. et al. Alleviating hypoxia to improve cancer immunotherapy. Oncogene 42, 3591–3604 (2023).
-
Langsten, K. L., Kim, J. H., Sarver, A. L., Dewhirst, M., Modiano, J. F. Comparative approach to the temporo-spatial organization of the tumor microenvironment. Front. Oncol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.01185 (2019).
-
Chap, B. S., Rayroux, N., Grimm, A. J., Ghisoni, E. & Dangaj Laniti, D. Crosstalk of T cells within the ovarian cancer microenvironment. Trends Cancer 10, 1116–1130 (2024).
-
Blanc-Durand, F., Clemence Wei Xian, L. & Tan, D. S. P. Targeting the immune microenvironment for ovarian cancer therapy. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1328651 (2023).
-
Gao, W. et al. SPP1 is a prognostic related biomarker and correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-022-10485-8 (2022).
-
Kozłowski, M., Borzyszkowska, D. & Cymbaluk-Płoska, A. The role of TIM-3 and LAG-3 in the microenvironment and immunotherapy of ovarian cancer. Biomedicines 10, 2826 (2022).
-
González, J. A., Wrobel, J., Vandekar, S. & Moraga, P. Analyzing spatial point patterns in digital pathology: immune cells in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Am. Statistician 79, 355–370 (2025).
-
Jiang, X. et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing and cell–cell communication analysis reveal tumor microenvironment associated with chemotherapy responsiveness in ovarian cancer. Clin. Transl. Oncol. 27, 1000–1012 (2024).
-
Luo, H., Wang, K. & Li, B. Integrating single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis to unveil heterogeneity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1420847 (2024).
-
Sang-aram, C., Browaeys, R., Seurinck, R. & Saeys, Y. Unraveling cell–cell communication with NicheNet by inferring active ligands from transcriptomics data. Nat. Protoc. 20, 1439–1467 (2025).
-
Li, Z. et al. Unveiling the novel immune and molecular signatures of ovarian cancer: insights and innovations from single-cell sequencing. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288027 (2023).
-
Kampan, N. C. et al. Combining TNFR2-expressing Tregs and IL-6 as superior diagnostic biomarkers for high-grade serous ovarian cancer masses. Cancers 15, 667 (2023).
-
Klemm, F. et al. Interrogation of the microenvironmental landscape in brain tumors reveals disease-specific alterations of immune cells. Cell 181, 1643–1660.e17 (2020).
-
Verona, F. et al. Cancer stem cells and tumor-associated macrophages as mates in tumor progression: mechanisms of crosstalk and advanced bioinformatic tools to dissect their phenotypes and interaction. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1529847 (2025).
-
Chu, X., Tian, Y. & Lv, C. Decoding the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages. Mol. Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02064-1 (2024).
-
Qian, Y., Yin, Y., Zheng, X., Liu, Z. & Wang X. Metabolic regulation of tumor-associated macrophage heterogeneity: insights into the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapeutic opportunities. Biomark Res. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-023-00549-7 (2024).
-
Li, D. et al. The complex interplay of tumor-infiltrating cells in driving therapeutic resistance pathways. Cell Commun Signal. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-024-01776-7 (2024).
-
Xiao, Y., Bi, M., Guo, H. & Li, M. Multi-omics approaches for biomarker discovery in early ovarian cancer diagnosis. eBioMedicine 79, 104001 (2022).
-
Zhuo, L., Meng, F., Sun, K., Zhou, M. & Sun, J. Integrated immuno-transcriptomic analysis of ovarian cancer identifies a four-chemokine-dominated subtype with antitumor immune-active phenotype and favorable prognosis. Br. J. Cancer 131, 1068–1079 (2024).
-
Hornburg, M., Desbois, M. & Lu, S. et al. Single-cell dissection of cellular components and interactions shaping the tumor immune phenotypes in ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell. 39, 928-944.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2021.04.004 (2021).
-
Feng, Q. et al. Lactate increases stemness of CD8 + T cells to augment anti-tumor immunity. Nat. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32521-8 (2022).
-
Granja, J. M. et al. ArchR is a scalable software package for integrative single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis. Nat. Genet. 53, 403–411 (2021).
-
Ji, Y. et al. The epigenetic hallmarks of immune cells in cancer. Mol. Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02255-4 (2025).
-
Pang, L. et al. Epigenetic regulation of tumor immunity. Journal of Clinical Investigation. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci178540 (2024).
-
Xie, X., Liu, W., Yuan, Z., Chen, H. & Mao, W. Bridging epigenomics and tumor immunometabolism: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Mol. Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-025-02269-y (2025).
-
Zhao, F. et al. Characterizing tumor biology and immune microenvironment in high-grade serous ovarian cancer via single-cell RNA sequencing: insights for targeted and personalized immunotherapy strategies. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1500153 (2025).
-
Chen, Y. et al. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2-mediated aldehyde metabolism promotes tumor immune evasion by regulating the NOD/VISTA axis. J. Immunother. Cancer 11, e007487 (2023).
-
Burgess, D. J. Spatial transcriptomics coming of age. Nat. Rev. Genet. 20, 317–317 (2019).
-
Marx, V. Method of the Year: spatially resolved transcriptomics. Nat. Methods 18, 9–14 (2021).
-
Cipurko, D., Ueda, T., Mei, L. & Chevrier, N. Repurposing large-format microarrays for scalable spatial transcriptomics. Nat. Methods 22, 145–155 (2024).
-
Winkler, M., Malhotra, N., & Mistarz, A. et al. Consequences of the perivascular niche remodeling for tumoricidal T-cell trafficking into metastasis of ovarian cancer. Immunohorizons. 10, vlaf084. https://doi.org/10.1093/immhor/vlaf084 (2026).
-
Launonen, I.-M. et al. Chemotherapy induces myeloid-driven spatially confined T cell exhaustion in ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell 42, 2045–2063.e10 (2024).
-
Kzhyshkowska, J., Shen, J. & Larionova, I. Targeting of TAMs: Can we be more clever than cancer cells?. Cell Mol. Immunol. 21, 1376–1409 (2024).
-
Wang, N. et al. Next-generation spatial transcriptomics: unleashing the power to gear up translational oncology. MedComm. https://doi.org/10.1002/mco2.765 (2025).
-
Wang, Q. et al. Spatially resolved transcriptomics technology facilitates cancer research. Adv. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202302558 (2023).
-
Jing, S. et al. Quantifying and interpreting biologically meaningful spatial signatures within tumor microenvironments. npj Precis. Onc. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-025-00857-1 (2025).
-
Bao, X., Bai, X., Liu, X., Shi, Q. & Zhang, C. Spatially informed graph transformers for spatially resolved transcriptomics. Commun Biol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08015-w (2025).
-
Xing, L. et al. The biological roles of CD47 in ovarian cancer progression. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-024-03708-3 (2024).
-
Park, J., Choi, J., Lee, J. E., Choi, H. & Im, H. J. Spatial Transcriptomics-Based Identification of Molecular Markers for Nanomedicine Distribution in Tumor Tissue. Small Methods. 6, e2201091. https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202201091 (2022).
-
Ferri-Borgogno, S. et al. Spatial transcriptomics depict ligand–receptor cross-talk heterogeneity at the tumor-stroma interface in long-term ovarian cancer survivors. Cancer Res. 83, 1503–1516 (2023).
-
Chowdhury, S. et al. Learning directed acyclic graphs for ligands and receptors based on spatially resolved transcriptomic data of ovarian cancer. Brief. Bioinformatics. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbaf085 (2025).
-
Zhu, J. et al. Mapping cellular interactions from spatially resolved transcriptomics data. Nat. Methods 21, 1830–1842 (2024).
-
Li, W., Wang, H., Zhao, J., Xia, J. & Sun, X. scHyper: reconstructing cell–cell communication through hypergraph neural networks. Brief. Bioinform. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbae436 (2024).
-
Liu, Y. et al. Conserved spatial subtypes and cellular neighborhoods of cancer-associated fibroblasts revealed by single-cell spatial multi-omics. Cancer Cell 43, 905–924.e6 (2025).
-
Wei, J. et al. Intercellular molecular crosstalk networks within invasive and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment subtypes associated with clinical outcomes in four cancer types. Biomedicines 11, 3057 (2023).
-
Hu, Y. et al. INHBA(+) cancer-associated fibroblasts generate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer. npj Precis. Onc. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-024-00523-y (2024).
-
Liu, Y. et al. Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analyses reveal tertiary lymphoid structures linked to tumour progression and immunotherapy response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nat. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52153-4 (2024).
-
Liu, S. et al. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling revealed niche interactions sustaining growth of endometriotic lesions. Cell Genomics 5, 100737 (2025).
-
Deng, Y. et al. Single-cell RNA-sequencing atlas reveals the tumor microenvironment of metastatic high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.923194 (2022).
-
Ma, C. et al. Pan-cancer spatially resolved single-cell analysis reveals the crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor microenvironment. Mol. Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01876-x (2023).
-
Zhang, S. & Wang, H. Targeting the lung tumour stroma: harnessing nanoparticles for effective therapeutic interventions. J. Drug Target. 33, 60–86 (2024).
-
Liao, T. et al. Regulation of cancer-associated fibroblasts for enhanced cancer immunotherapy using advanced functional nanomedicines: an updated review. J. Nanobiotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03217-0 (2025).
-
Thomas, M. R. et al. Navigating tumor microenvironment barriers with nanotherapeutic strategies for targeting metastasis. Adv. Healthcare Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202403107 (2025).
-
Luobin, L. et al. Nanomedicine-induced programmed cell death in cancer therapy: mechanisms and perspectives. Cell Death Discov. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-024-02121-0 (2024).
-
Zhang, Z., Tang, Y., Luo, D., Qiu, J. & Chen, L. Advances in nanotechnology for targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts: a review of multi-strategy drug delivery and preclinical insights. APL Bioengin. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0244706 (2025).
-
Wu, H., Zhang, T., Li, N. & Gao, J. Cell membrane-based biomimetic vehicles for effective central nervous system target delivery: insights and challenges. J. Control. Release 360, 169–184 (2023).
-
Cai, Q., Guo, R., Chen, D., Deng, Z. & Gao, J. SynBioNanoDesign: pioneering targeted drug delivery with engineered nanomaterials. J. Nanobiotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03254-9 (2025).
-
Zheng, L. et al. Overcoming drug resistance through extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery system in cancer treatment. Cancer Drug Resist. https://doi.org/10.20517/cdr.2024.107 (2024).
-
Mamidi, N., Franco De Silva, F. & Orash Mahmoudsalehi, A. Advanced disease therapeutics using engineered living drug delivery systems. Nanoscale 17, 7673–7696 (2025).
-
Gao, Z., Wan, D., Luo, M., Wei, X. Application of nanomedicines in tumor immunotherapy. J. Mol. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjae055 (2024).
-
Zhou, Y. & Chen, L., Wang, T. Nanoparticles in gynecologic cancers: a bibliometric and visualization analysis. Front. Oncol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1465987 (2025).
-
Wei, Y. et al. Nanomedicines targeting tumor cells or tumor-associated macrophages for combinatorial cancer photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy: strategies and influencing factors. Int. J. Nanomedicine 19, 10129–10144 (2024).
-
Nooraei, S. et al. Virus-like particles: preparation, immunogenicity and their roles as nanovaccines and drug nanocarriers. J. Nanobiotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-00806-7 (2021).
-
Wu, P. et al. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems targeting tumor microenvironment for cancer immunotherapy resistance: current advances and applications. Pharmaceutics 14, 1990 (2022).
-
Luo, K. et al. Reduction-sensitive platinum (IV)-prodrug nano-sensitizer with an ultra-high drug loading for efficient chemo-radiotherapy of Pt-resistant cervical cancer in vivo. J. Control. Release 326, 25–37 (2020).
-
Liu, Y. & Wang, H. Biomarkers and targeted therapy for cancer stem cells. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 45, 56–66 (2024).
-
Ma, X. et al. Self-assembly nanoplatform of platinum (Ⅳ) prodrug for enhanced ovarian cancer therapy. Mater. Today Bio 21, 100698 (2023).
-
Fu, Q. & Fu, L. Engineering nanosystems for regulating reproductive health in women. Theranostics 15, 439–459 (2025).
-
Xi, Y. et al. Amplifying “eat me signal” by immunogenic cell death for potentiating cancer immunotherapy. Immunol. Rev. 321, 94–114 (2023).
-
Zhang, J., Wang, F., Sun, Z., Ye, J. & Chu, H. Multidimensional applications of prussian blue-based nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy. J. Nanobiotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03236-x (2025).
-
Cassani, M. et al. Unraveling the role of the tumor extracellular matrix to inform nanoparticle design for nanomedicine. Adv. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202409898 (2024).
-
Mahri, S. et al. Nanomedicine approaches for autophagy modulation in cancer therapy. Small Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/smsc.202400607 (2025).
-
Yan, Y. & Ding, H. pH-responsive nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy: a brief review. Nanomaterials 10, 1613 (2020).
-
Yao, Y. et al. Engineered CAF-cancer cell hybrid membrane biomimetic dual-targeted integrated platform for multi-dimensional treatment of ovarian cancer. J. Nanobiotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03165-9 (2025).
-
Guo, Y., Hu, P. & Shi, J. Nanomedicine remodels tumor microenvironment for solid tumor immunotherapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 10217–10233 (2024).
-
Zhang, Z., Wang, R. & Chen, L. Drug delivery system targeting cancer-associated fibroblast for improving immunotherapy. Int. J. Nannomedicine 20, 483–503 (2025).
-
Xu, T., Liu, Z., Huang, L., Jing, J. & Liu, X. Modulating the tumor immune microenvironment with nanoparticles: a sword for improving the efficiency of ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057850 (2022).
-
Zhang, Y. et al. Advanced carriers for precise delivery and therapeutic mechanisms of traditional chinese medicines: integrating spatial multi-omics and delivery visualization. Adv. Healthcare Materials. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202403698 (2025).
-
Chen, Z. et al. Targeted mitochondrial nanomaterials in biomedicine: advances in therapeutic strategies and imaging modalities. Acta Biomater. 186, 1–29 (2024).
-
Avgoustakis, K. & Angelopoulou, A. Biomaterial-based responsive nanomedicines for targeting solid tumor microenvironments. Pharmaceutics 16, 179 (2024).
-
Luo, R., Le, H., Wu, Q. & Gong, C. Nanoplatform-based in vivo gene delivery systems for cancer therapy. Small. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202312153 (2024).
-
Zhao, J., Shi, Y. & Cao, G. The application of single-cell RNA sequencing in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Biomolecules 13, 344 (2023).
-
Kunachowicz, D., Kłosowska, K., Sobczak, N. & Kepinska, M. Applicability of quantum dots in breast cancer diagnostic and therapeutic modalities—a state-of-the-art review. Nanomaterials 14, 1424 (2024).
-
Park, H., Saravanakumar, G., Kim, J., Lim, J. & Kim, W. J. Tumor microenvironment sensitive nanocarriers for bioimaging and therapeutics. Adv. Healthcare Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202000834 (2020).
-
Zeng, Y. et al. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs and redox-responsive nanocarriers. Int. J. Nanomedicine 13, 6551–6574 (2018).
-
Son, J. et al. MMP-responsive nanomaterials. Biomater. Sci. 11, 6457–6479 (2023).
-
Wlodarczyk, M. T. et al. Pt(II)-PLGA hybrid in a ph-responsive nanoparticle system targeting ovarian cancer. Pharmaceutics 15, 607 (2023).
-
Zhou, M. et al. Nanovesicles loaded with a TGF-β receptor 1 inhibitor overcome immune resistance to potentiate cancer immunotherapy. Nat. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39035-x (2023).
-
Tian, S.-C. et al. Self-oxygenating nanoplatform integrating CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and immune activation for highly efficient photodynamic therapy. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 693, 137632 (2025).
-
Li, Y. et al. A nanoscale natural drug delivery system for targeted drug delivery against ovarian cancer: action mechanism, application enlightenment and future potential. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1427573 (2024).
-
Liu, W. et al. Dissecting the tumor microenvironment in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors via single-cell and spatial transcriptomics. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 41, 313–332 (2023).
-
Li, Y., Stanojevic, S. & Garmire, L. X. Emerging artificial intelligence applications in spatial transcriptomics analysis. Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J. 20, 2895–2908 (2022).
-
Kiessling, P. & Kuppe, C. Spatial multi-omics: novel tools to study the complexity of cardiovascular diseases. Genome Med. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-024-01282-y (2024).
-
Zhong, Z. et al. Cell membrane coated nanoparticles as a biomimetic drug delivery platform for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Nanoscale 16, 8708–8738 (2024).
-
Wang, Y. et al. Smart nanoplatforms responding to the tumor microenvironment for precise drug delivery in cancer therapy. Int. J. Nanomedicine 19, 6253–6277 (2024).
-
Peng, X. et al. Engineered nanoparticles for precise targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy in cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 14, 3432–3456 (2024).
-
Gu, X. et al. Revisiting the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis in the tumor microenvironment in the era of single-cell omics: implications for immunotherapy. Cancer Lett. 605, 217278 (2024).
-
Shi, B., Du, M. & Chen, Z. Advances in tumor immunotherapy targeting macrophages. Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol. 21, 259–276 (2024).
-
Ji, Y. et al. Triggered cascade-activation nanoplatform to alleviate hypoxia for effective tumor immunotherapy guided by NIR-II imaging. ACS Nano 18, 31421–31434 (2024).
-
Lyu, P. et al. Advances in targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts through single-cell spatial transcriptomic sequencing. Biomark Res. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-024-00622-9 (2024).
-
Li, Z. et al. Tumor-associated macrophages in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: recent research progress. Front. Pharmacol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1382256 (2024).
-
Li, H. et al. Nanomedicine embraces cancer radio-immunotherapy: mechanism, design, recent advances, and clinical translation. Chem. Soc. Rev. 52, 47–96 (2023).
-
Zhou, X. et al. Small extracellular vesicles: the origins, current status, future prospects, and applications. Stem Cell Res Ther. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04330-5 (2025).
-
Xu, Y., Sun, D., He, J., Yao, Q. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in ovarian cancer: research progress. Front. Oncol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1504762 (2025).
-
Zhang, F. et al. Cellular senescence and metabolic reprogramming: Unraveling the intricate crosstalk in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Cancer Commun. 44, 929–966 (2024).
-
Lan, H. et al. Combination of anlotinib with immunotherapy enhanced both anti-angiogenesis and immune response in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1539616 (2025).
-
Corradetti, B., Pisano, S., Conlan, R. S. & Ferrari, M. Nanotechnology and immunotherapy in ovarian cancer: tracing new landscapes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 370, 636–646 (2019).
-
Truxova, I., Cibula, D., Spisek, R. & Fucikova, J. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages for successful immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma. J. Immunother. Cancer 11, e005968 (2023).
-
Zheng, J. et al. Tumor-associated macrophages in nanomaterial-based anti-tumor therapy: as target spots or delivery platforms. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1248421 (2023).
-
Li, S.-L. et al. Nanomaterials-involved tumor-associated macrophages’ reprogramming for antitumor therapy. ACS Nano 18, 7769–7795 (2024).
-
Kaur, P., Singh, S. K., Mishra, M. K., Singh, S. & Singh, R. Nanotechnology for boosting ovarian cancer immunotherapy. J. Ovarian Res. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-024-01507-z. (2024).
-
Jiang, A., He, W. & Yao, Y. Editorial: overcoming obstacles of cancer immunotherapy: the important role of emerging nanomedicine. Front. Oncol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1406244 (2024).
-
Li, W.-Y. et al. A reactive oxygen species-responsive covalent organic framework for tumor combination therapy. Chem. Commun. 59, 5423–5426 (2023).
-
Chae, Y. K. et al. SWOG/NCI phase II dual anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 blockade in rare tumors: nonepithelial ovarian cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 30, 5593–5600 (2024).
-
Denisenko, E. et al. Spatial transcriptomics reveals discrete tumour microenvironments and autocrine loops within ovarian cancer subclones. Nat. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47271-y (2024).
-
Lin, Y., Zhou, X., Ni, Y., Zhao, X. & Liang, X. Metabolic reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer: a novel orientation for immunotherapy. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030831 (2022).
-
Yang, M., Chen, G., Gao, K. & Wang, Y. Tumor immunometabolism characterization in ovarian cancer with prognostic and therapeutic implications. Front. Oncol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.622752 (2021).
-
Zarrella, S. et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and its role in metabolic reprogramming of cancer. Metabolites 15, 221 (2025).
-
Almeida-Nunes, D. L., Mendes-Frias, A., Silvestre, R., Dinis-Oliveira, R. J. & Ricardo, S. Immune tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer ascites. IJMS 23, 10692 (2022).
-
Johnson, R. et al. Barriers to immunotherapy in ovarian cancer: metabolic, genomic, and immune perturbations in the tumour microenvironment. Cancers 13, 6231 (2021).
-
Li, R. et al. Nanotherapeutics for macrophage network modulation in tumor microenvironments: targets and tools. Int. J. Nanomedicine 19, 13615–13651 (2024).
-
Shae, D. et al. Endosomolytic polymersomes increase the activity of cyclic dinucleotide STING agonists to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Nat. Nanotechnol. 14, 269–278 (2019).
-
Ringel, A. E. et al. Obesity shapes metabolism in the tumor microenvironment to suppress anti-tumor immunity. Cell 183, 1848–1866.e26 (2020).
-
Petriaggi, L. et al. Iron fist in a velvet glove: class IV ferroptosis inducers as a novel strategy to target ovarian cancer. Front. Biosci. https://doi.org/10.31083/fbl39675 (2025).
-
Castro, C. M. et al. Exploring alternative ovarian cancer biomarkers using innovative nanotechnology strategies. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 34, 75–82 (2014).
-
Kuang, Y. et al. Advances in self-assembled nanotechnology in tumor therapy. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 237, 113838 (2024).
-
Yeh, C. Y. et al. Mapping spatial organization and genetic cell-state regulators to target immune evasion in ovarian cancer. Nat. Immunol. 25, 1943–1958 (2024).
-
Han, X. et al. Single-cell and spatial transcriptome sequencing uncover a platinum-resistant cluster overexpressed TACSTD2 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. J. Cancer 15, 3427–3440 (2024).
-
Wu, Y., Cheng, Y., Wang, X., Fan, J. & Gao, Q. Spatial omics: navigating to the golden era of cancer research. Clin. Transl. Med. https://doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.696 (2022).
-
Martin, J. D., Cabral, H., Stylianopoulos, T. & Jain, R. K. Improving cancer immunotherapy using nanomedicines: progress, opportunities and challenges. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 17, 251–266 (2020).
-
Zhang, M.-R. et al. Advancements in stimulus-responsive co-delivery nanocarriers for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Int. J. Nanomedicine 19, 3387–3404 (2024).
-
Feng, Q. & Xiao, K. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of STAT3 inhibitors in the treatment of lung cancer. Pharmaceutics 14, 2787 (2022).
-
Li, F., Wang, Y., Chen, D. & Du, Y. Nanoparticle-based immunotherapy for reversing T-cell exhaustion. Int J. Mol. Sci. 25, 1396 (2024).
-
Elhanani, O., Ben-Uri, R. & Keren, L. Spatial profiling technologies illuminate the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell 41, 404–420 (2023).
-
Rea, A. et al. Enhancing human NK cell antitumor function by knocking out SMAD4 to counteract TGFβ and activin A suppression. Nat. Immunol. 26, 582–594 (2025).
-
Huang, G. et al. Hypoxia-responsive covalent organic framework nanoplatform for breast-cancer-targeted cocktail immunotherapy via triple therapeutic switch mechanisms. Small. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202407553 (2025).
-
Luo, Y. et al. Neoadjuvant PARPi or chemotherapy in ovarian cancer informs targeting effector Treg cells for homologous-recombination-deficient tumors. Cell 187, 4905–4925.e24 (2024).
-
Lin, Q. et al. Advancing ovarian cancer therapeutics: the role of targeted drug delivery systems. Int. J. Nanomedicine 19, 9351–9370 (2024).
-
Li, Y., Jeon, J. & Park, J. H. Hypoxia-responsive nanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery. Cancer Lett. 490, 31–43 (2020).
-
Dutta, D. et al. pH-responsive targeted nanoparticles release ERK-inhibitor in the hypoxic zone and sensitize free gemcitabine in mutant K-Ras-addicted pancreatic cancer cells and mouse model. PLoS One 19, e0297749 (2024).
-
Pranjol, Z. I. & Whatmore, J. L. Cathepsin D in the tumor microenvironment of breast and ovarian cancers. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1259:1–16 (2020).
-
Li, G., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Teng, L. & Sun, F. Multifunctional nanoadjuvant-driven microenvironment modulation for enhanced photothermal immunotherapy in breast cancer. J. Control. Release 362, 309–324 (2023).
-
Zhang, H. et al. Self-supervised deep learning for highly efficient spatial immunophenotyping. eBioMedicine 95, 104769 (2023).
-
Dhainaut, M. et al. Spatial CRISPR genomics identifies regulators of the tumor microenvironment. Cell 185, 1223–1239.e20 (2022).
-
Desbois, M. et al. Integrated digital pathology and transcriptome analysis identifies molecular mediators of T-cell exclusion in ovarian cancer. Nat. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19408-2 (2020).
-
Liu, X. et al. Spatial multi-omics: deciphering technological landscape of integration of multi-omics and its applications. J. Hematol. Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-024-01596-9 (2024).
-
Yang, B. et al. Spatial heterogeneity of infiltrating T cells in high-grade serous ovarian cancer revealed by multi-omics analysis. Cell Rep. Med. 3, 100856 (2022).
-
Wang, Y. et al. Single-cell dissection of the multiomic landscape of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. 82, 3903–3916 (2022).
-
Li, Q., Xiao, X., Feng, J., Yan, R. & Xi, J. Machine learning-assisted analysis of epithelial mesenchymal transition pathway for prognostic stratification and immune infiltration assessment in ovarian cancer. Front. Endocrinol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1196094 (2023).
-
Regner, M. J. et al. A multi-omic single-cell landscape of human gynecologic malignancies. Mol. Cell 81, 4924–4941.e10 (2021).
-
Xie, T. et al. Artificial intelligence: illuminating the depths of the tumor microenvironment. J. Transl. Med. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05609-6 (2024).
-
Couture, H. D. Deep learning-based prediction of molecular tumor biomarkers from H&E: a practical review. J. Pers.Med. 12, 2022 (2022).
-
Ng, C. W., Wong, K.-K., Lawson, B. C., Ferri-Borgogno, S. & Mok, S. C. Spatial transcriptome reveals histology-correlated immune signature learnt by deep learning attention mechanism on H&E-stained images for ovarian cancer prognosis. J. Transl. Med. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-06007-8 (2025).
-
Halawani, R., Buchert, M. & Chen, Y.-P. P. Deep learning exploration of single-cell and spatially resolved cancer transcriptomics to unravel tumour heterogeneity. Comput. Biol. Med. 164, 107274 (2023).
-
Bera, K., Braman, N., Gupta, A., Velcheti, V. & Madabhushi, A. Predicting cancer outcomes with radiomics and artificial intelligence in radiology. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 19, 132–146 (2021).
-
Xing, W. et al. Artificial intelligence predicts lung cancer radiotherapy response: a meta-analysis. Artif. Intell. Med. 142, 102585 (2023).
-
Hurkmans, C. et al. A joint ESTRO and AAPM guideline for development, clinical validation and reporting of artificial intelligence models in radiation therapy. Radiother. Oncol. 197, 110345 (2024).
-
Zhang, B. et al. Harnessing artificial intelligence to improve clinical trial design. Commun. Med. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-023-00425-3 (2023).
-
Walsh, L. A. & Quail, D. F. Decoding the tumor microenvironment with spatial technologies. Nat. Immunol. 24, 1982–1993 (2023).
-
Xu, M., Chen, Z., Zheng, J., Zhao, Q. & Yuan, Z. Artificial intelligence-aided optical imaging for cancer theranostics. Semin. Cancer Biol. 94, 62–80 (2023).
-
Hai, L., Jiang, Z., Zhang, H. & Sun, Y. From multi-omics to predictive biomarker: AI in tumor microenvironment. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1514977 (2024).
-
Qi, L., Li, Z., Liu, J. & Chen, X. Omics-enhanced nanomedicine for cancer therapy. Adv. Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202409102 (2024).
-
Kejun, D. et al. Multifunctional DNA nano-sponge system for targeted sensitization of ovarian cancer chemotherapy via metabolic reprogramming and ferroptosis induction. J. Control. Release 382, 113663 (2025).
-
Yu, Y. et al. Biodegradable polymer with effective near-infrared-II absorption as a photothermal agent for deep tumor therapy. Adv. Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202105976 (2021).
-
Li, G. et al. Highly efficient synergistic chemotherapy and magnetic resonance imaging for targeted ovarian cancer therapy using hyaluronic acid-coated coordination polymer nanoparticles. Adv. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202309464 (2024).
-
Allesøe, R. L. et al. Discovery of drug–omics associations in type 2 diabetes with generative deep-learning models. Nat. Biotechnol. 41, 399–408 (2023).
-
Qu, H. et al. Programmed-response cross-linked nanocarrier for multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer treatment. J. Control. Release 357, 274–286 (2023).
-
Herrera, F. G. et al. Low-dose radiotherapy reverses tumor immune desertification and resistance to immunotherapy. Cancer Discov. 12, 108–133 (2021).
-
Wang, G. et al. ROS-responsive thioether-containing hyperbranched polymer micelles for light-triggered drug release. SmartMat 3, 522–531 (2022).
-
Ghaffari, S., Khalili, N. & Rezaei, N. CRISPR/Cas9 revitalizes adoptive T-cell therapy for cancer immunotherapy. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-021-02076-5 (2021).
-
Vora, L. K. et al. Artificial intelligence in pharmaceutical technology and drug delivery design. Pharmaceutics 15, 1916 (2023).
-
Wang, T. et al. snPATHO-seq, a versatile FFPE single-nucleus RNA sequencing method to unlock pathology archives. Commun. Biol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-07043-2 (2024).
-
Zhao, E. et al. Spatial transcriptomics at subspot resolution with BayesSpace. Nat. Biotechnol. 39, 1375–1384 (2021).
-
Zhang, L., Cascio, S., Mellors, J. W., Buckanovich, R. J. & Osmanbeyoglu, H. U. Single-cell analysis reveals the stromal dynamics and tumor-specific characteristics in the microenvironment of ovarian cancer. Commun. Biol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05733-x (2024).
-
Xu, J. et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the tissue architecture in human high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 28, 3590–3602 (2022).
-
Masatti, L. et al. The unveiled mosaic of intra-tumor heterogeneity in ovarian cancer through spatial transcriptomic technologies: a systematic review. Transl. Res. 273, 104–114 (2024).
-
Laury, A. R. et al. Opening the Black Box: spatial transcriptomics and the relevance of artificial intelligence-detected prognostic regions in high-grade serous carcinoma. Mod. Pathol. 37, 100508 (2024).
-
Kobelyatskaya, A., Tregubova, A., Palicelli, A., Badlaeva, A. & Asaturova, A. OVsignGenes: a gene expression-based neural network model estimated molecular subtype of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Cancers 16, 3951 (2024).
-
Carvalho, R. F. et al. Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing reveal ligands and receptors associated with worse overall survival in serous ovarian cancer. Cell. Commun. Signal. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-022-00991-4 (2022).
-
Wang, Z., Yang, L., Su, X., Wu, X. & Su, R. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis reveals divergent transcriptome events between platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. J. Gene Med. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgm.3504 (2023).
-
Hatamikia, S. et al. Ovarian cancer beyond imaging: integration of AI and multiomics biomarkers. Eur. Radiol. Exp. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747-023-00364-7 (2023).
-
Zhou, Z. et al. Deciphering the tumor immune microenvironment from a multidimensional omics perspective: insight into next-generation CAR-T cell immunotherapy and beyond. Mol. Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02047-2 (2024).
-
Huang, S. et al. Deciphering and advancing CAR T-cell therapy with single-cell sequencing technologies. Mol. Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-023-01783-1 (2023).
-
Zhang, Y. et al. Spatial omics techniques and data analysis for cancer immunotherapy applications. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 87, 103111 (2024).
-
D’Orsi, L. et al. Recent advances in artificial intelligence to improve immunotherapy and the use of digital twins to identify prognosis of patients with solid tumors. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25, 11588 (2024).
-
Emens, L. A. et al. Challenges and opportunities in cancer immunotherapy: a Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) strategic vision. J. Immunother. Cancer 12, e009063 (2024).
-
Tian, J., Bai, X. & Quek, C. Single-cell informatics for tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25, 4485 (2024).
-
Ran, X. et al. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the heterogeneity of the immune landscape of IDH-wild-type high-grade gliomas. Cancer Immunol. Res. 12, 232–246 (2023).
-
Chen, J., Yang, L., Ma, Y. & Zhang, Y. Recent advances in understanding the immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer. Front. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1412328 (2024).
-
Dumitru, A., Dobrica, E.-C., Croitoru, A., Cretoiu, S. M. & Gaspar, B. S. Focus on PD-1/PD-L1 as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. IJMS 23, 12067 (2022).
-
Guo, Q. Y. et al. IL-6 regulates epithelial ovarian cancer EMT, invasion, and metastasis by modulating Let-7c and miR-200c through the STAT3/HIF-1α pathway. Med. Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-024-02328-2 (2024).
-
Xue, J., Li, R., Gao, D., Chen, F. & Xie, H. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis-targeted dual-functional nano-drug delivery system against ovarian cancer. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 15, 5701–5718 (2020).
-
Ying, X., Zheng, X., Zhang, X., Yin, Y. & Wang, X. Kynurenine in IDO1high cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles promotes angiogenesis by inducing endothelial mitophagy in ovarian cancer. J. Transl. Med. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05054-5 (2024).
-
Kumari, A. et al. TGFβ signaling networks in ovarian cancer progression and plasticity. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 38, 139–161 (2021).
-
Tan, L. et al. Efficacy and safety of VEGFR inhibitors for recurrent ovarian cancer: a systematic review. Future Oncol. 20, 1943–1960 (2024).
-
El-Mais, N., Fakhoury, I., Abdellatef, S., Abi-Habib, R. & El-Sibai, M. Human recombinant arginase I [HuArgI (Co)-PEG5000]-induced arginine depletion inhibits ovarian cancer cell adhesion and migration through autophagy-mediated inhibition of RhoA. J. Ovarian Res. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-021-00767-3 (2021).
-
Hao, F. et al. Reverse-engineering the FLT3-PI3K/AKT axis to enhance TILs function and improve prognosis in ovarian and cervical cancers. J. Ovarian Res. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-025-01592-8 (2025).
-
Hu, J. et al. SpaGCN: Integrating gene expression, spatial location and histology to identify spatial domains and spatially variable genes by graph convolutional network. Nat. Methods 18, 1342–1351 (2021).
-
Dong, K. & Zhang, S. Deciphering spatial domains from spatially resolved transcriptomics with an adaptive graph attention auto-encoder. Nat. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29439-6 (2022).
-
Torabi, M. et al. Fabrication of mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted delivery of sunitinib to ovarian cancer cells. Bioimpacts. https://doi.org/10.34172/bi.2023.25298 (2023).
-
Marwedel, B., De May, H. & Anderson, L. et al. TLR Agonist Nano Immune Therapy Clears Peritoneal and Systemic Ovarian Cancer. Adv. Healthc Mater. 14, e2402966. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202402966 (2025).
-
Noureddine, A., Marwedel, B., Tang, L., Medina, L. Y. & Serda, R. E. Specific tumor localization of immunogenic lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles following intraperitoneal administration in a mouse model of serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancers 15, 4626 (2023).
