AsAP2 transcriptionally activates ferulate 5-hydroxylase, diverting ferulic acid metabolism toward lignin biosynthesis in Angelica sinensis.

AP2:

APETALA2

F5H:

Ferulate 5-hydroxylase

PAL1 :

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1

4CL :

4-Coumarate-CoA ligase

LAC :

Laccase

CO :

Constans

PHYA :

Phytochrome A

LHY :

Late elongated hypocotyl

GA2OX1 :

Gibberellin 2-oxidase 1

GASA1 :

Gibberellic acid-stimulated arabidopsis 1

GA20OX1 :

Gibberellin 20-oxidase 1

SUS6/SUS1 :

Sucrose synthase 6/1

Amy2 :

Alpha-amylase 2

INVA :

Alkaline/Neutral invertase A

AGL62 :

Agamous-like 62

SOC1 :

Uppressor of overexpression of constans 1

MADS8 :

MCM1-agamous-deficiens-SRF 8

ADC :

Arginine decarboxylase

SAMDC :

S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase

VRN1 :

Vernalization 1

FLC :

Flowering locus C

C4H :

Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase

COMT :

Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase

CCoAOMT:

Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase

MYB:

MYeloblastosis

bHLH:

Basic helix-loop-helix

TPSs:

Terpenoid synthases

ACCs:

Acyl-CoA carboxylases

PKSs:

Polyketide synthases

PTs:

Prenyltransferases

UP2K:

Upstream 2-kb region

ATR2 :

Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 reductase 2

BY4741:

Baker’s yeast strain BY4741

SD-URA:

Synthetic dropout medium without uracil

LC-MS/MS:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry

ESI:

Electrospray ionization

EVO C18:

Enhanced vortex organic C18

CDS:

Coding sequence

BD:

Binding domain

Y1H:

Yeast one-hybrid

SD-Leu:

Synthetic dropout medium without leucine

AbA:

Aureobasidin A

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

LUC:

Luciferase reporter gene

TF:

Transcription factor

LB:

Luria-bertani medium

MES:

2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid

EP tube:

Eppendorf tube

CCD:

Charge-coupled device

REN:

Renilla luciferase (Internal Control)

C4H :

Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase

C3H :

p-Coumarate 3-hydroxylase

HCT :

Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase

CCoAOMT :

Caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase

CCR :

Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase

CAD :

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase

EF:

Early flowering stage

NG:

Normal growth stage

CYP84:

Cytochrome P450 family 84

DREB:

Dehydration-responsive element binding protein

ERF:

Ethylene-responsive factor

RAV:

Related to ABI3/VP1

ERE:

Ethylene-responsive element

ABRE:

Abscisic acid responsive element

DRE/CRT:

Dehydration-responsive element/CRepeat element

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Author notes

1. Zhuojia Wu, Jintao Fang are co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

1. College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China

   Zhuojia Wu & Ping Wang

2. HIM-BGI Omics Center, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310018, China

   Zhuojia Wu & Tsan-Yu Chiu

3. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, Guangdong, China

   Jintao Fang & Tsan-Yu Chiu

4. Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, China

   Zhongxu Zhu

5. Wuhan BGI Technology Service Co., Ltd. BGI-Wuhan, Wuhan, China

   Qun Liu

Contributions

Z.W. and T.-Y.C. designed and performed the experiments and analyzed the data. J.F. conducted the motif and protein structure analysis. Z.Z. performed the correlation analysis. Q.L. assisted with transcriptome data retrieval. Z.W., J.F., and T.-Y.C. wrote the manuscript. P.W. and T.-Y.C. revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ping Wang, Zhongxu Zhu or Tsan-Yu Chiu.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Consent for publication

All data analyzed in this study were derived from publicly available datasets, with corresponding SRA accession numbers detailed in Supplementary Table 1.

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