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Biomaterials capable of driving electrochemical reactions could unlock next-generation, purely biological bioelectronics. However, fully genetically encodable biomaterials for this purpose have been missing. Now, protein condensates can be programmed to be electrogenic, powering redox reactions and functioning as intracellular electrochemical reactors.
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References
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Dai, Y., Wang, Z.-G. & Zare, R. N. Unlocking the electrochemical functions of biomolecular condensates. Nat. Chem. Biol. 20, 1420–1433 (2024). This perspective article presents the electrochemistry concepts of biomolecular condensates.
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Dai, Y. et al. Interface of biomolecular condensates modulates redox reactions. Chem 9, 1594–1609 (2023). This paper reports that the interface of biomolecular condensates has an electric potential and that the interfacial potential can drive redox activity.
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Gonella, G. et al. Water at charged interfaces. Nat. Rev. Chem. 5, 466–485 (2021). This review article discusses the interfacial effects of charged surfaces on water.
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This is a summary of: Yu, W. et al. Electrogenic protein condensates as intracellular electrochemical reactors. Nat. Mater. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02434-0 (2026).
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Biomolecular condensates as electrochemical powerhouses. Nat. Mater. (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02440-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-025-02440-2
