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Author notes

1. These authors contributed equally to this work: Georgina Hopkins, William Browne and Davis Tucis.

Authors and Affiliations

1. School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK

   Georgina Hopkins, William Browne, Davis Tucis, David Onion & Lucy C. Fairclough

2. SERS, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK

   Stella Cochrane

3. School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK

   Victoria James

Contributions

GH, WB, and DT performed all experiments and conducted data analysis. GH wrote the manuscript and prepared figures, with sections contributed by WB and DT. SC, VJ, DO, and LF reviewed and edited the manuscript. LF and DO designed the study, acquired the funding, and LF managed the project.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lucy C. Fairclough.

Competing interests

Author SC was employed by Unilever’s Safety Environmental and Regulatory Science Centre.

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