References
-
Ostrom, Q. T. et al. CBTRUS statistical report: Primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2013-2017. Neuro Oncol. 23(12), iii1–iii105 (2021).
-
Tan, A. C. et al. Management of glioblastoma: State of the art and future directions. CA Cancer J. Clin. 70(4), 299–312 (2020).
-
Verhaak, R. G. et al. Integrated genomic analysis identifies clinically relevant subtypes of glioblastoma characterized by abnormalities in PDGFRA, IDH1, EGFR, and NF1. Cancer Cell 17(1), 98–110 (2010).
-
Lv, D., Hu, Z., Lu, L., Lu, H. & Xu, X. Three-dimensional cell culture: A powerful tool in tumor research and drug discovery. Oncol. Lett. 14(6), 6999–7010 (2017).
-
Pampaloni, F., Reynaud, E. G. & Stelzer, E. H. The third dimension bridges the gap between cell culture and live tissue. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 8(10), 839–845 (2007).
-
Agarwal, S., Wendorff, J. H. & Greiner, A. Use of electrospinning technique for biomedical applications. Polymer 49(26), 5603–5621 (2008).
-
Bhardwaj, N. & Kundu, S. C. Electrospinning: A fascinating fiber fabrication technique. Biotechnol. Adv. 28(3), 325–347 (2010).
-
Mamuk, A. E., Koçak, Ç., & Demirci Dönmez, Ç. E. Production and characterization of liquid crystal/polyacrylonitrile nano-fibers by electrospinning method. Colloid Polym. Sci. 299(7), 1209–1221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-021-04842-5 (2021).
-
Aslam, M., Khan, T., Basit, M., Masood, R. & Raza, Z. A. Polyacrylonitrile‐based electrospun nanofibers—A critical review. Materialwiss. Werkst. 53(12), 1575–1591 (2022).
-
Aslan, S. Synthesis and characterization of polyacrylonitrile-based nanofibers for biomedical applications. J. Mater. Sci. 56(12), 7234–7248 (2021).
-
Aslan, S. An electrochemical immunosensor modified with titanium IV oxide/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers for the determination of a carcinoembryonic antigen. New J. Chem. 45(12), 5391–5398. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NJ05385F (2021).
-
Huang, C., Xu, X., Fu, J., Yu, D. G. & Liu, Y. Recent progress in electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber-based wound dressing. Polymers 14(16), 3266 (2022).
-
Mamuk, A. E., Koçak, Ç., Kurt, Ş, Altuntaş, D. B. & Aslan, S. Electrochemical properties of coumarin 500 encapsulated in liquid crystal guided electrospun fiber core and their supercapacitor application. Electrochim. Acta 420, 140384 (2022).
-
Mamuk, A. E. A comparative study on electrospun fibers of cyanobiphenyl liquid crystal homologues. Fullerenes Nanotubes Carbon Nanostruct. https://doi.org/10.1080/1536383X.2023.2206653 (2023).
-
Mohite, D. D., Chavan, S. S., Dubal, S. & Karandikar, P. B. Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) carbon nanofibers (CFNs) as electrode material for supercapacitors: A comprehensive review of synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical performance. AIP Adv. 13(12), 65 (2023).
-
Leal, L. K. A. M., Ferreira, A. A. G., Bezerra, G. A., Matos, F. J. A. & Viana, G. S. B. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator activities of Brazilian medicinal plants containing coumarin: A comparative study. J. Ethnopharmacol. 70(2), 151–159 (2000).
-
Wesseling, J. et al. Neurological outcome in school-age children after in utero exposure to coumarins. Early Hum. Dev. 63(2), 83–95 (2001).
-
Soylemez, S., Kanik, F. E., Tarkuc, S., Udum, Y. A. & Toppare, L. Development of an efficient immobilization matrix based on a conducting polymer and functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes: Synthesis and its application to ethanol biosensors. J. Mater. Chem. B 4(22), 3678–3688 (2016).
-
Oylumluoglu, G., Coban, M. B., Kocak, C., Aygun, M. & Kara, H. 2-and 1-D coordination polymers of Dy (III) and Ho (III) with near infrared and visible luminescence by efficient charge-transfer antenna ligand. J. Mol. Struct. 1146, 356–364 (2017).
-
Mohamed, M., Zainuddin, N., Rahim, N. A., Yusof, L. M. & Ahmad, H. Graphene oxide reinforced polyacrylonitrile nanofibers: Mechanical and thermal properties. Polym. Compos. 41(8), 3234–3245 (2020).
-
Yu, Q. et al. Graphene oxide/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds loaded with N-acetyl cysteine for promoting wound healing. Int. J. Nanomedicine 18, 563–578. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S392782 (2023).
-
Saravanan, S. et al. Scaffolds containing chitosan, gelatin and graphene oxide for bone tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 104, 1975–1985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.034 (2017).
-
Aslan, S., Bal Altuntaş, D., Koçak, Ç. & Kara Subaşat, H. Electrochemical evaluation of titanium (IV) oxide/polyacrylonitrile electrospun discharged battery coals as supercapacitor electrodes. Electroanalysis 33(1), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.202060239 (2021).
-
Coban, M. B., Erkarslan, U., Oylumluoglu, G., Aygun, M. & Kara, H. Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescent properties; 3D Holmium (III) coordination polymer. Inorg. Chim. Acta 447, 87–91 (2016).
-
Sigma-Aldrich. (n.d.-a). Aldrich 181315 product page. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TR/en/product/aldrich/181315
-
ChemicalBook. (n.d.). Chemical product property for CB6726942. https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB6726942.htm
-
Sigma-Aldrich. (n.d.-b). Search results for “graphene oxide”. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/TR/en/search/graphene-oxide
-
An, N., Xu, Q., Xu, L. H. & Wu, S. Z. Orientation structure and mechanical properties of polyacrylonitrile precursors. Adv. Mater. Res. 11, 383–386 (2006).
-
Schindelin, J. et al. Fiji: An open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat. Methods 9(7), 676–682. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2019 (2012).
-
Korycka, P., Mirek, A., Kramek-Romanowska, K., Grzeczkowicz, M. & Lewińska, D. Effect of electrospinning process variables on the size of polymer fibers and bead-on-string structures established with a 23 factorial design. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 9(1), 2466–2478 (2018).
-
Cramariuc, B. et al. Fiber diameter in electrospinning process. J. Electrostat. 71(3), 189–198 (2013).
-
Fong, H., Chun, I., & Reneker, D. Beaded nanofibers formed during electrospinning. Polymer 40(16), 4585–4592. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00068-3 (1999).
-
Bakar, S. S., Fong, K. C., Eleyas, A. & Nazeri, M. F. M. Effect of voltage and flow rate electrospinning parameters on polyacrylonitrile electrospun fibers. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 318, 012076. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/318/1/012076 (2018).
-
Haider, A., Haider, S. & Kang, I.-K. A comprehensive review summarizing the effect of electrospinning parameters on the resulting nanofiber morphology. J. Mater. Sci. 53(18), 123–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1545-y (2018).
-
Kalluri, L., Satpathy, M. & Duan, Y. Effect of electrospinning parameters on the fiber diameter and morphology of PLGA nanofibers. Dental Oral Biol. Craniofac. Res. 4(2), 10–31487 (2021).
-
Mutlu, C. et al. Electrospun nanofibers of cholesteric liquid crystal/PAN composites: Structural, thermal, and optical characterization with voltage-dependent morphological analysis. J. Clust. Sci. 36(6), 225 (2025).
-
Refate, A. et al. Influence of electrospinning parameters on biopolymers nanofibers, with emphasis on cellulose, chitosan. Heliyon https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17051 (2023).
-
Ruiz Rocha, J. E., Santos, W. S., de Oliveira, A. L. & Faria, A. F. Critical electrospinning parameters for synthesis control of PAN nanofibers. Nanomaterials 13(19), 2648. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13192648 (2023).
-
Dreyer, D. R., Park, S., Bielawski, C. W. & Ruoff, R. S. The chemistry of graphene oxide. Chem. Soc. Rev. 39(1), 228–240. https://doi.org/10.1039/B917103G (2010).
-
Lerf, A., He, H., Forster, M. & Klinowski, J. Structure of graphite oxide revisited. J. Phys. Chem. B 102(23), 4477–4482. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9731821 (1998).
-
Kaskel, S. (ed.) The Chemistry of Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications (Wiley-VCH, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527693078.
-
Abdelrazek, E. M., Hezma, A. M., El-Khodary, A. & Elzayat, A. M. Spectroscopic studies and thermal properties of PCL/PMMA biopolymer blend. Egypt. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 3(1), 10–15 (2016).
-
Coates, J. Interpretation of infrared spectra, a practical approach. Encycl. Anal. Chem. 12, 10815–10837 (2000).
-
Shamsuri, A., Mohamed Yusoff, M., Md. Jamil, S. & Abdan, K. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study of polymer/filler/ionic liquid composites. Rev. Anal. Chem. 44(1), 20250084. https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2025-0084 (2025).
-
Kurt, Ş et al. Three-dimensional cytosensor for glioblastoma cell analysis using coumarin-integrated nanofiber scaffolds on ITO electrodes. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 449, 139006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.139006 (2026).
