References
-
CSIRO. The Challenge: A Hungry, Warming World. https://www.csiro.au/en/research/animals/livestock/futurefeed. (2023).
-
Koluman, N. Goats and their role in climate change. Small Ruminant Res. 228, 107094 (2023).
-
FAO. FAOSTAT. Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL. (2023).
-
IPCC. Climate change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. (2021).
-
Valone, T. F. Linear global temperature correlation to carbon dioxide level, sea level, and innovative solutions to a projected 6 C warming by 2100. J. Geosci. Environ. Protect. 9, 84 (2021).
-
Hughes, L. Climate change and Australia: Trends, projections and impacts. Austral Ecol. 28, 423–443 (2003).
-
Christensen, L., Coughenour, M. B., Ellis, J. E. & Chen, Z. Z. Vulnerability of the Asian typical steppe to grazing and climate change. Clim. Change 63, 351–368 (2004).
-
Sejian, V. et al. Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation 2015th ed. (Springer India, 2015).
-
Gurung, N. Nutritional requirements of different classes of meat goats. Prof. Agric. Workers J. 6, 90 (2020).
-
Morgan, J. A., Milchunas, D. G., LeCain, D. R., West, M. & Mosier, A. R. Carbon dioxide enrichment alters plant community structure and accelerates shrub growth in the shortgrass steppe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104, 14724–14729 (2007).
-
Vitti, D. M. & Kebreab, E. Phosphorus and calcium utilization and requirements in farm animals. (2010).
-
Ramirez, R. & Ledezma-Ton-es, R. Ramirez R, Ledezma-Tones R. Forage utilization from native shrubs Acacia rigidula and Acacia farnesiana by goats and sheep. Small Ruminant Research 25, 43–50 (1997).
-
Mengistu, G., Karonen, M., Salminen, J.-P., Hendriks, W. & Pellikaan, W. F. In vitro fermentation of browse species using goat rumen fluid in relation to browse polyphenol content and composition. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 231, 1–11 (2017).
-
Ventura-Cordero, J., Sandoval-Castro, C., Torres-Acosta, J. & Capetillo-Leal, C. Do goats have a salivary constitutive response to tannins?. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 45, 29–34 (2017).
-
Njidda, A. & Nasiru, A. In vitro gas production and dry matter digestibility of tannin-containing forages of semi-arid region of north-eastern Nigeria. Pak. J. Nutr. 9, 60–66 (2010).
-
Getachew, G., Robinson, P., DePeters, E. & Taylor, S. Relationships between chemical composition, dry matter degradation and in vitro gas production of several ruminant feeds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 111, 57–71 (2004).
-
Blümmel, M., Schröder, A., Südekum, K. & Becker, K. Estimating ruminal microbial efficiencies in silage‐fed cattle: Comparison of an in vitro method with a combination of in situ and in vivo measurements. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 81, 57–67 (1999).
-
Hammond, K. et al. The effects of fresh forages and feed intake level on digesta kinetics and enteric methane emissions from sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 193, 32–43 (2014).
-
Anele, U., Yang, W., McGinn, P., Tibbetts, S. & McAllister, T. Ruminal in vitro gas production, dry matter digestibility, methane abatement potential, and fatty acid biohydrogenation of six species of microalgae. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 96, 354–363 (2016).
-
Durmic, Z. et al. In vitro fermentative traits of Australian woody perennial plant species that may be considered as potential sources of feed for grazing ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 160, 98–109 (2010).
-
Gemeda, B. S. & Hassen, A. In vitro fermentation, digestibility and methane production of tropical perennial grass species. Crop Pasture Sci. 65, 479–488 (2014).
-
Jiang, X., Ni, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, Y. & Shen, X. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in liver in response to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) induced by high-concentrate diet. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 27, 1181 (2014).
-
Nagaraja, T. & Titgemeyer, E. Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle: The current microbiological and nutritional outlook. J. Dairy Sci. 90, E17–E38 (2007).
-
Meale, S. J., Chaves, A. V., Baah, J. & McAllister, T. A. Methane production of different forages in in vitro ruminal fermentation. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 25, 86 (2012).
-
Min, B.-R., Lee, S., Jung, H., Miller, D. N. & Chen, R. Enteric methane emissions and animal performance in dairy and beef cattle production: Strategies, opportunities, and impact of reducing emissions. Animals 12, 948 (2022).
-
Vongsamphanh, P., Preston, T. & Leng, R. Glycerol supplementation increased growth rates, decreased the acetate: propionate ratio in rumen VFA, and reduced enteric methane emissions, in cattle fattened on cassava pulp-urea, brewers’ grains and rice straw. Livestock Res. Rural Dev. 29 (2017).
-
Kumar, R. & D’mello, J. Anti-nutritional factors in forage legumes. (1995).
-
Ku-Vera, J. C. et al. Role of secondary plant metabolites on enteric methane mitigation in ruminants. Front. Vet. Sci. 7, 584 (2020).
-
Rira, M., Morgavi, D. P., Popova, M., Maxin, G. & Doreau, M. Microbial colonisation of tannin-rich tropical plants: Interplay between degradability, methane production and tannin disappearance in the rumen. Animal 16, 100589 (2022).
-
Osuga, I. M., Abdulrazak, S. A., Ichinohe, T. & Fujihara, T. Rumen degradation and in vitro gas production parameters in some browse forages, grasses and maize Stover from Kenya. J. Food Agric. Environ. 4, 60 (2006).
-
Singh, S., Kundu, S. & Karnani, L. In vitro gas production, rumen parameters and nutrients degradability of diets based on Cenchrus ciliaris grass-shrubs and tree leaves in sheep and goats. Indian J. Animal Sci. 78 (2008).
-
Fox, L. R. & Macauley, B. Insect grazing on Eucalyptus in response to variation in leaf tannins and nitrogen. Oecologia 29, 145–162 (1977).
-
MacAuley, B. J. & Fox, L. R. Variation in total phenols and condensed tannins in Eucalyptus: Leaf phenology and insect grazing. Aust. J. Ecol. 5, 31–35 (1980).
-
Campbell, I. C. & Fuchshuber, L. Polyphenols, condensed tannins, and processing rates of tropical and temperate leaves in an Australian stream. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 14, 174–182 (1995).
-
Russell, J. The importance of pH in the regulation of ruminal acetate to propionate ratio and methane production in vitro. J. Dairy Sci. 81, 3222–3230 (1998).
-
Ellis, J. et al. Aspects of rumen microbiology central to mechanistic modelling of methane production in cattle. J. Agric. Sci. 146, 213–233 (2008).
-
Gäbel, G. & Sehested, J. SCFA transport in the forestomach of ruminants. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol. 118, 367–374 (1997).
-
Barsila, S. R. The fodder oat (Avena sativa) mixed legume forages farming: Nutritional and ecological benefits. J. Agric. Nat. Resour. 1, 206–222 (2018).
-
Moore , G., Revell , C. K., Schelfhout , C., Ham , C. & Crouch , S. Mosaic agriculture: a guide to irrigated crop and forage production in northern WA. (2021).
-
Jayasinghe, J., Pembleton, K. G., Barber, D. G., Donaghy, D. J. & Ramilan, T. Modelling of tropical pasture growth using DairyMod: Model parameterisation and validation across multiple environments. Eur. J. Agron. 156, 127146 (2024).
-
Patra, A. K. A meta-analysis of the effect of dietary fat on enteric methane production, digestibility and rumen fermentation in sheep, and a comparison of these responses between cattle and sheep. Livest. Sci. 162, 97–103 (2014).
-
Enjalbert, F., Combes, S., Zened, A. & Meynadier, A. Rumen microbiota and dietary fat: A mutual shaping. J. Appl. Microbiol. 123, 782–797 (2017).
-
Czerkawski, J. & Breckenridge, G. Design and development of a long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Br. J. Nutr. 38, 371–384 (1977).
-
Fedorah, P. M. & Hrudey, S. E. A simple apparatus for measuring gas production by methanogenic cultures in serum bottles. Environ. Technol. 4, 425–432 (1983).
-
Chaves, A. et al. Effect of pasture type (alfalfa vs. grass) on methane and carbon dioxide production by yearling beef heifers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86, 409–418 (2006).
-
Forwood, D. L. et al. Crop sorghum ensiled with unsalable vegetables increases silage microbial diversity. Front. Microbiol. 10, 2599 (2019).
-
AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis. Method 990.03 (Association of Official Analytical Chemistry, 2005).
-
Van Soest, P., Robertson, J. B. & Lewis, B. A. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583–3597 (1991).
-
AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis: Changes in Official Methods of Analysis Made at the Annual Meeting (Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem, 1990).
-
Thiex, N., Novotny, L. & Crawford, A. Determination of ash in animal feed: AOAC official method 942.05 revisited. J. AOAC Int. 95, 1392–1397 (2012).
-
Pryor, W., McDonald, W. & Seawright, A. Supplejack (Ventilago viminalis) feeding of sheep. Nutrittonal and toxicological investigations. (1972).
