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Authors and Affiliations

1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore

   Kyle K. L. Phua, Yi Liu, Wei Zhang & Jas-Min Chin

2. Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA

   Smita K. Nair

3. Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 52 Johnson Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

   Norbert Pardi

4. Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore

   Hong-Wen Tang

5. Stemigen Therapeutics, Lorong 8 Toa Payoh, Singapore, 319261, Singapore

   Kyle K. L. Phua

Contributions

K.K.L.Phua conceived designed the study, wrote and edited the paper. Y Liu, W Zhang and J Chin performed the experiments. S K Nair performed experiments on human dendritic cells. N Pardi performed HPLC purification, H. Tang edited the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kyle K. L. Phua.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics

Primary human cells used in these experiments were isolated from blood obtained from healthy human volunteers following informed written consent using a protocol approved by the Duke University Institutional Review Board and carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Prior to conducting the research described in this paper, the experimenters were trained in “Responsible Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” as required by the National Advisory Committee for Laboratory Animal Research (NACLAR) in Singapore. The facilities at National University of Singapore (NUS) are fully accredited by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) and all animal experiments were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations and based on protocol approved by NUS Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). All methods were conducted in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines.

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