Towards the next generation of nanobiosensors

Since the term nanobiosensor first emerged over three decades ago, the field has witnessed an explosion of groundbreaking research. Thanks to the development of advanced nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, combined with decades of expertise in biosensing, a wide range of innovative and improved nanobiosensors have been reported, but many challenges remain. For this technology to truly meet real-world needs — particularly in global health and related applications — further efforts are needed to improve performance, useability, scalability and cost-effectiveness.

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Acknowledgements

The ICN2 is funded by the CERCA programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. The ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence programme (grant CEX2021-001214-S), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039.501100011033. The Departament de Recerca i Universitats of Generalitat de Catalunya is also acknowledged (grant 2021 SGR 01464).

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Authors and Affiliations

Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

Arben Merkoçi
ICREA, Barcelona, Spain

Arben Merkoçi

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Correspondence to Arben Merkoçi.

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The author declares no competing interests.

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Merkoçi, A. Towards the next generation of nanobiosensors. Nat. Nanotechnol. (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02038-4

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Published: 15 October 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02038-4